⚖️ Legal Learning | Shri Ganpati Jurists
Case: Annamalai v. Vasanthi & Ors.
Issue: When must a plaintiff seek declaration before claiming specific performance?
🧠 Key Rule
A plaintiff must challenge termination only if the contract was terminated under a valid contractual right, creating doubt over whether the contract still exists.
📌 Two Situations
✅ 1. Contractual Right to Terminate Exists
• Contract allows termination (e.g., delay, breach)
• Party validly invokes termination clause
👉 Creates legal doubt over contract’s subsistence
📎 Plaintiff must first seek declaration that termination is invalid
➡️ Then claim specific performance
Court cannot enforce a contract that may already be legally terminated.
❌ 2. No Right to Terminate / Right Waived
• Contract has no termination clause, or
• Right to terminate was waived (e.g., accepting late money)
👉 Termination = wrongful repudiation, legally void
📎 No need to seek declaration
➡️ Plaintiff may directly file for specific performance
A void act creates no legal cloud — it never existed in law.
🎯 Practical Takeaway
Before filing suit for specific performance, ask:
✅ Is termination legally supported by contract?
If yes → Seek declaration first
If no → Directly seek specific performance
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